Haywood COUNTY, TN 1860 FEDERAL CENSUS http://ftp.us-census.org/pub/usgenweb/census/xtn/haywood/1860/ Copyright (c) 2010 by Don Robbins VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV USGENWEB (US-CENSUS) NOTICE: These electronic pages may NOT be reproduced in any format for profit or presentation by any other organization. Non-commercial organizations desiring to use this material must obtain the consent of the transcriber prior to use. Individuals desiring to use this material in their own research may do so. ========================================================================== NON-Std Formatting by USGenWeb Census Project® File Manager, Linda Talbott All of the above information must remain when copied or downloaded. VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV HAYWOOD COUNTY, TN 1860 FEDERAL CENSUS TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: Prepared by Donald Robbins Transcription aid by Betty Hawley Checked by D. K. Robbins April 15, 2010 Census Sheet's Format ------------------------------- Census Sheet Header Information ------------------------------- Each Census Sheet consists of 40 lines. The Header information contains a place for the Date of entry, Post Office, The County Name (Haywood) and the name of the recorder of the information. ------------------------------- Census Sheet Detail information ------------------------------- Column 1 - Dwelling - houses numbered in the order of visitation Column 2 - Families, numbered in the order of visitation Column 3 - The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the first day of June, 1860 was in this family Column 4 - Age Column 5 - Sex Column 6 - Color, White, Black or Mulatto or Indian Column 7 - Profession, Occupation or Trade of each person, male and female, over 15 years of age Column 8 - Value of Real Estate Column 9 - Value of Personal Estate Column 10 - Place of Birth, Naming the State, Territory, or Country Column 11 - Married within the year Column 12 - Attended School within the year Column 13 - Person over 20 who could not read or write Column 14 - Whether deaf & dumb, blind, insane, idiotic, pauper or convict In the interest of getting the information transcribed to an 8 1/2 x 11 sheet, some adjustments were made in the format of the transcription. A new line was created, which contains the Page Number and Line Number that the information was transcribed from. The Surname is in Caps, along with the date of the census page, the census district, the Post Office, and the information from Column 1 and Column 2. The information from Columns 11, 12, 13 was encoded following the Column 10 information, Place of Birth. The encoding is: M, for married within the year, S, for attending school within the year, and I, for illiterate for a check in Column 13 for persons over 20 who could not read or write. The information from Column 14 is added, as is, to the person's line. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The information for the 1860 Census for Haywood County consists of 213 pages. The information for Haywood County is on Microfilm Reel M653-1254 COUNTS The Dwellings in Haywood County are numbered from 1 to 2010 There are 1868 families in this grouping. Number of White Males 6171 Number of White Females 5479 Number of Black Males 12 Number of Black Females 10 Number of Mulatto Males 5 Number of Mulatto Females 6 Number of Students 2330 Number of Illiterates 624 Number of Married 144 in the last year PLACES OF BIRTH Tennessee 6020 North Carolina 1060 Virginia 588 Alabama 87 South Carolina 87 Kentucky 63 Ireland 41 Miss 40 Georgia 29 NY 28 Germany 22 Pennsylvania 16 Arkansas 14 Massachusetts 14 Ohio 11 Missouri 9 Maryland 9 Illinois 9 Scot 7 Canada 6 Texas 5 Conneticut 3 Engl 3 France 3 Indiana 2 NJ 1 Vermont 1 Rhode Island 1 OCCUPATIONS by name ? 3 Black Smith 10 Book Keeper 4 Brick Mason* 3 clerk 27 cook 1 Carpenter* 26 Carriage Maker 4 Carriage Painter 4 Carriage Trimmer 2 Chancellor* 1 Chancery Clrk 1 Chris Min 1 Ckt Court 1 Coach Painter 1 Coach Trimmer 3 Collector 1 Constable* 5 Cotton Buyer 2 County Ct Clrk 1 County Register 1 County Support dumb 1 County Surveyer* 1 County Truster 1 Daguersan 1 Deguerretype 1 Depot Agt 4 Depty Sheriff 1 Ditcher 1 Druggist 4 Editor 2 Engineer 2 Farm Laborer 1 Farmer 622 Ferryman 2 Ferryman* 1 Grocer 11 Grocer* 1 Gun Smith 1 Harness Maker 3 Hotel Keeper 2 Jeweler 4 JP* 6 Keeps Eating Hse 1 Laborer 93 Lamp Vendor 1 Lawyer 6 Lawyer* 2 Machinist 1 Merchant 50 Merchant* 3 Meth Min 1 Meth Min* 4 Milk Broker 1 Mill hand 4 Mill Operator* 1 Mill Prop 1 Miller 3 Miller* 1 Millwright 1 overseer 70 Painter 4 Peddler 2 Pres Min & Lawyer 1 Pres Min 1 Printer 6 RR Baggage Master 1 RR Conductor 1 RR Contractor 1 RR hand 1 student 6 student(law) 2 student(med) 9 Saddler 6 Seamstress 4 Sheriff 1 Shingle Maker 1 Shoe Maker 7 Stable Keeper 1 Stable Keeper* 1 Tailor 4 Teacher 22 Trader 3 Wagon Maker* 9 Wagoner 1 INFIRMITIES & OTHERS bound 7 deaf & dumb 2 deaf 2 dumb 1 idiot 4 OCCUPATIONS by frequencies Farmer 622 Laborer 93 overseer 70 Merchant 50 Merchant* 3 clerk 27 Carpenter* 26 Teacher 22 Grocer 11 Grocer* 1 Black Smith 10 student(med) 9 Wagon Maker* 9 student 6 student(law) 2 Lawyer 6 Lawyer* 2 Shoe Maker 7 JP* 6 Printer 6 Saddler 6 Constable* 5 Meth Min 1 Meth Min* 4 Book Keeper 4 Carriage Maker 4 Carriage Painter 4 Depot Agt 4 Druggist 4 Jeweler 4 Mill hand 4 Miller 3 Miller* 1 Painter 4 Seamstress 4 Tailor 4 ? 3 Brick Mason* 3 Coach Trimmer 3 Ferryman 2 Ferryman* 1 Harness Maker 3 Trader 3 Carriage Trimmer 2 Cotton Buyer 2 Editor 2 Engineer 2 Hotel Keeper 2 Peddler 2 cook 1 Chancellor* 1 Chancery Clrk 1 Chris Min 1 Ckt Court 1 Coach Painter 1 Collector 1 County Ct Clrk 1 County Register 1 County Support 1 County Surveyer* 1 County Truster 1 Daguersan 1 Deguerretype 1 Depty Sheriff 1 Ditcher 1 Farm Laborer 1 Gun Smith 1 Keeps Eating Hse 1 Lamp Vendor 1 Machinist 1 Milk Broker 1 Mill Operator* 1 Mill Prop 1 Millwright 1 Pres Min & Lawyer 1 Pres Min 1 RR Baggage Master 1 RR Conductor 1 RR Contractor 1 RR hand 1 Sheriff 1 Shingle Maker 1 Stable Keeper 1 Stable Keeper* 1 Wagoner 1 Transcriber's notes: The census taker in Haywood County was: Fred S. DeWOLF at P035-25 The census takers were very careful to note vacant dwellings. Some of the occupations are marked with an asterisk (*). This indicates they also farmed. HISTORY OF HAYWOOD COUNTY Named for Judge John Haywood, Haywood County was part of Madison County when the Tennessee General Assembly created it in 1823-24. Later, part of Haywood County was taken to create Lauderdale and Crockett Counties. The state legislature designated Brownsville as the county seat, and in 1823 Thomas M. Johnson sold the county fifty acres of land for the county seat for one dollar and a town lot. The county court met in the home of Richard Nixon, the first settler in the area, until 1825, when the first log courthouse was completed. A second courthouse was built in 1826; in 1845 it was rebuilt with brick. In 1868 the county added a west wing to accommodate the convening of the Supreme Court for West Tennessee. The courthouse underwent complete renovation in 1989. The first jail was built in 1825; in 1872 it was replaced with a brick and iron jail. In 1974 a new jail was located four miles east of Brownsville. Cotton agriculture provided the basis for the Haywood County economy for much of its history. Early settlers soon established a plantation system based on slave labor. In the aftermath of the Civil War, the cotton economy returned, although tenant farmers and sharecroppers now worked the fields. In 1828 James Bond settled in Haywood County and built one of the largest fortunes in the state through the cultivation of cotton. The production of staple crops benefited from the early appearance of railroads in the county. Trains first came to Tennessee in 1846. Both the Holly Springs and Brownsville Railroad and the Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (later the Louisville and Nashville) served Brownsville. Passenger service through Brownsville ended in 1968. Today, Interstate 40 parallels the old Louisville and Nashville track to Memphis. A 1923 description of Haywood County noted the fertile soil and potential for crop diversification. It listed cotton, corn, fruit, grass, and livestock as the most important agricultural products. Today, these crops remain important, together with soybeans. In 1939-40, the federal Farm Security Administration established the Haywood County Farm Project near Stanton to provide small farms for African American residents, which they could rent with an option to buy. Some thirty-nine local families participated in the program. The National Register-listed Woodlawn Baptist Church near Nutbush documents post-Civil War black history in rural Haywood County. Industry development in the county initially supported agricultural production. In 1828 Hiram Bradford began operation of the county's first cotton gin. Although declining in number (there were only 297 cotton gins operating in Tennessee in 1972), cotton gins still dot the landscape of Haywood County. In 1829 a horse-propelled grist mill began operation, and by 1874 the county had a cotton mill. The most significant changes in industrialization came during World War II, as farmers and farm laborers left the fields, and agriculture mechanized. Today, several manufacturers employ local residents in industries ranging from the production of riding lawn mowers to the manufacture of vinyl garden hoses, PVC pipe fittings, and powdered ball bearings. The county's first newspaper, the Phoenix, began publication in 1833. Nine other papers appeared during the next century and a half. The States Graphic issued its first publication in 1900 and continues publication today. The county's first Sunday school opened in Brownsville in 1831. During the first decade of settlement, Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians established congregations. The Episcopal Church arrived in 1834, and the Catholics and Cumberland Presbyterians built churches circa 1870. Temple Adas Israel (1882) stands as a reminder of the migration of Jews into rural communities in the nineteenth century. Haywood County's first school was built by Howell Taylor in the Tabernacle neighborhood in 1827. Early schools were subscription schools, and public schools were not available until 1897. Among the county's many historic schools were Union Academy, Brownsville Male Academy, Brownsville Female Institute, Dancyville Female Institute, Brownsville Seminary, Cageville Male and Female Academy, and Wesleyan Female College. The Dunbar School for African American children became Haywood County Training School around 1920, then Carver High School in 1950. Brownsville Baptist Female College (1850, later a high school) became the nucleus for the National Register-listed College Hill Historic District. The former college's Center Building now houses a comprehensive Lincoln Collection and the Haywood County Museum. Haywood County High School opened in 1911; in 1970 it was closed and a new school was built when the city and county schools consolidated and integrated. Brownsville residents have enjoyed a variety of services throughout the history of the community. The Brownsville Savings Bank, organized in 1869 (reputedly the second oldest continuously operating bank in the state), became the Brownsville Bank in 1899. Since 1997 it has operated as part of the In-South Bank system. Brownsville received telegraph service in 1848; Bell Telephone opened an office in 1895. County residents began to receive rural free mail delivery in 1903. In 1872 a gas works came to Brownsville, and the city received natural gas in 1934. Rural electrification reached the county in 1936. In 1909, $7,500 from Andrew Carnegie's library program built a free public library, which was replaced in 1992 with the Elma Ross Library. In 1909 Brownsville built a public Ladies Rest Room, the first such known facility in Tennessee, to accommodate the needs of farmwives as they shopped in town. Ridley and Mann Wills established the Haywood County Memorial Hospital in 1930; Methodist Hospital Systems now provides medical services. Haywood County has grown from a population of 265 families in 1826 to a population that reached 19,797 in 2000. A county executive and county court governs the county. Brownsville's population rose from 400 in 1832 to 10,748 in 2000. The town is governed by a mayor and five aldermen. Emma Nunn, Brownsville - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - THE STORY TELLERS We are the chosen. My feelings are, in each family there is one who seems called to find the ancestors. To put flesh on their bones and make them live again, to tell the family story and to feel that somehow they know, and approve. To me, doing genealogy is not a cold gathering of facts but, instead, breathing life into all who have gone before. We are the story tellers of the tribe. All tribes have one. We have been called as it were, by our genes. Those who have gone before cry out to us: Tell our story. So, we do. In finding them, we somehow find ourselves. How many graves have I stood before now and cried? I have lost count. How many times have I told the ancestors you have a wonderful family you would be proud of us? How many times have I walked up to a grave and felt somehow there was love there for me? I cannot say. It goes beyond just documenting facts. It goes to who am I and why do I do the things I do? It goes to seeing a cemetery about to be lost forever to weeds and indifference and saying I can't let this happen. The bones here are bones of my bone and flesh of my flesh. It goes to doing something about it. It goes to pride in what our ancestors were able to accomplish. How they contributed to what we are today. It goes to respecting their hardships and losses, their never giving in or giving up, their resoluteness to go on and build a life for their family. It goes to deep pride that they fought to make and keep us a Nation. It goes to a deep and immense understanding that they were doing it for us. That we might be born who we are. That we might remember them. So we do. With love and caring and scribing each fact of their existence, because we are them and they are us. So, as a scribe called, I tell the story of my family. It is up to that one called in the next generation to answer the call and take their place in the long line of family storytellers. That, is why I do my family genealogy, and that is what calls those young and old to step up and put flesh on the bones. Author unknown The 1860 Census or Lots of Questions Answered The 1860 Census lists a dwelling number and family number and each sheet lists the county as well as town and post office name. Questions answered on the 1860 census include, name, age and sex of each individual; color, occupation, value of real and personal property; birthplace, whether married within the year (m.y.), whether attended school, can read or write and the date of the enumeration. Also included are boxes to indicate if an individual was a pauper or convict. Here is an article published in 1859 about the upcoming 1860 census: Friday September 23, 1859 Weekly Star THE NEXT CENSUS The year 1860 is the time appointed for taking the eighth census of the United States. From having been originally a simple enumeration's of persons, this Federal census has grown to be a decennial register of the number of inhabitants and their occupation, religious denominations & c, and also a statement of the commerce, manufacturers, arts and industry, and the wealth of the nation. The collection of these statistics has hitherto been attended with immense labor and difficulty. The inquiries of the census takers have not only been baffled by the stupidity and perverseness and ignorance of many to whom they were addressed; but it has been impossible to obtain accurate information upon important subjects because the parties; who alone are presumed capable of imparting it, have never taken the trouble to inform themselves. It often occurs that, in the absence of the head of a family no other member of it is able to give the information required; for instance as to the ages of the different members or it, or the amount of land in cultivation, the number of negroes and their ages, the quantity and value of horses, mules and oxen, etc., or of farming implements or farm products. In town and country similar difficulties are continually met with by the marshals appointed to collect these statistics, and the census is consequently returned incomplete. It is probably that while care will be observed to prevent any frauds or excess in the publication of the next census, it will be ordered by Congress to be taken so as to include all the most important items of information in regard to the progress of our population and our country. In view of this contingency the Nashville News very sensibly suggest that each farmer, this fall , as he gathers his crops, shall keep something like an accurate account of the quality and value of the same; and if he will take the trouble to make out a statement of the names and ages of his family; the number and ages of his servants, the number and value of his horses and mules; the number of bales of cotton, barrels of corn, bushels of wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes, etc., and leave it in some place where any member of the family, who may be at home when the deputy marshal shall call, can readily get hold of it, it will save time to all concerned, and very greatly assist to make the census return perfect, complete and satisfactory.